LPIC2 Exam Guide
LPIC2 Exam Guide
LPIC2 Exam Guide
LPIC2 Exam Guide
Introduction
200.1. Measure and Troubleshoot Resource Usage
200.2. Predict Future Resource Needs
201.1. Kernel Components
201.2. Compiling a kernel
201.3. Kernel runtime management and troubleshooting
202.1. Customizing SysV-init system startup
202.2. System Recovery
202.3. Alternate Bootloaders
203.1. Operating the Linux filesystem
203.2. Maintaining a Linux filesystem
203.3. Creating and configuring filesystem options
204.1. Configuring RAID
204.2. Adjusting Storage Device Access
204.3. Logical Volume Manager
205.1. Basic networking configuration
205.2. Advanced Network Configuration and Troubleshooting
205.3 Troubleshooting Network Issues
206.1. Make and install programs from source
206.2. Backup operations
206.3. Notify users on system-related issues
207.1. Basic DNS server configuration
207.2. Create and maintain DNS zones
207.3. Securing a DNS server
208.1. Implementing a web server
208.2. Apache configuration for HTTPS
208.3. Implementing a proxy server
208.4. Implementing Nginx as a web server and a reverse proxy
209.1. SAMBA Server Configuration
209.2. NFS Server Configuration
210.1. DHCP configuration
210.2. PAM authentication
210.3. LDAP client usage
210.4. Configuring an OpenLDAP server
211.1. Using e-mail servers
211.2. Managing E-Mail Delivery
211.3. Managing Remote E-Mail Delivery Weight: 2
212.1. Configuring a router
212.2. Securing FTP servers
212.3 Secure shell (SSH)
212.4. Security tasks
212.5. OpenVPN
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206.1. Make and install programs from source

206.1 Make and install programs from source

Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should be able to build and install an executable program from source. This objective includes being able to unpack a file of sources.

Key Knowledge Areas:

  • Unpack source code using common compression and archive utilities

  • Understand basics of invoking make to compile programs

  • Apply parameters to a configure script

  • Know where sources are stored by default

Terms and Utilities:

  • /usr/src/

  • gunzip

  • gzip

  • bzip2

  • xz

  • tar

  • configure

  • make

  • uname

  • install

  • patch

Make and install programs from source

As you know any modern linux distribution has its own repository, where we can easily search for a program , get info and install from it. Although installing a program from repository is easy and make kind of security, but it limits that program source to a specific distribution. So many developers prefer to publish a program source code it self, and let other people to configure and compile it base on their distribution and needs.

3 basic steps to install a program from source code are:

before beginning We need to install some developers tool. in redhat useyum groupinstall "Development Tools" and in debian based and ubuntu run apt-get install build-essentia :

[email protected]:~# apt install build-essential 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
build-essential is already the newest version (12.1ubuntu2).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 172 not upgraded.

For demonstration lets have fun and mine bitcoin with cpuminer. First download the source:

[email protected]:~# wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/cpuminer/files/pooler-cpuminer-2.5.0.tar.gz
--2018-02-04 02:37:14--  https://sourceforge.net/projects/cpuminer/files/pooler-cpuminer-2.5.0.tar.gz
Resolving sourceforge.net (sourceforge.net)... 216.34.181.60
Connecting to sourceforge.net (sourceforge.net)|216.34.181.60|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://sourceforge.net/projects/cpuminer/files/pooler-cpuminer-2.5.0.tar.gz/download [following]
--2018-02-04 02:37:19--  https://sourceforge.net/projects/cpuminer/files/pooler-cpuminer-2.5.0.tar.gz/download
Connecting to sourceforge.net (sourceforge.net)|216.34.181.60|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/cpuminer/pooler-cpuminer-2.5.0.tar.gz?r=&ts=1517740642&use_mirror=jaist [following]
--2018-02-04 02:37:22--  https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/cpuminer/pooler-cpuminer-2.5.0.tar.gz?r=&ts=1517740642&use_mirror=jaist
Resolving downloads.sourceforge.net (downloads.sourceforge.net)... 216.34.181.59
Connecting to downloads.sourceforge.net (downloads.sourceforge.net)|216.34.181.59|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/cpuminer/pooler-cpuminer-2.5.0.tar.gz [following]
--2018-02-04 02:37:28--  https://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/cpuminer/pooler-cpuminer-2.5.0.tar.gz
Resolving jaist.dl.sourceforge.net (jaist.dl.sourceforge.net)... 150.65.7.130, 2001:df0:2ed:feed::feed
Connecting to jaist.dl.sourceforge.net (jaist.dl.sourceforge.net)|150.65.7.130|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 257872 (252K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘pooler-cpuminer-2.5.0.tar.gz’
​
pooler-cpuminer-2.5 100%[===================>] 251.83K  21.3KB/s    in 12s     
​
2018-02-04 02:37:43 (21.3 KB/s) - ‘pooler-cpuminer-2.5.0.tar.gz’ saved [257872/257872]
​
[email protected]:~# ls -l
total 252
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root      0 Feb  3 23:53 mynfs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 257872 Jun 22  2017 pooler-cpuminer-2.5.0.tar.gz

and now lets uncompress the source, as a quick review:

uncompress commands

Description

tar -xvf filename.tar

uncompress tar file

tar -xvf filename.tar.gz

uncompress gzip file

tar -xvf filename.tar.bz2

uncompress bzip2 file

gunzip filename.gz

uncompress gzip file

okey:

[email protected]:~# mkdir cpuminer
[email protected]:~# cd cpuminer/
[email protected]:~/cpuminer# tar -zxvf ../pooler-cpuminer-2.5.0.tar.gz 
cpuminer-2.5.0/
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat.h
cpuminer-2.5.0/ChangeLog
cpuminer-2.5.0/INSTALL
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson/
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson/hashtable.c
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson/strbuffer.h
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson/jansson_private.h
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson/hashtable.h
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson/Makefile.in
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson/dump.c
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson/jansson.h
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson/utf.h
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson/Makefile.am
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson/strbuffer.c
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson/config.h
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson/load.c
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson/util.h
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson/value.c
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson/utf.c
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/Makefile.in
cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/Makefile.am
cpuminer-2.5.0/config.sub
cpuminer-2.5.0/miner.h
cpuminer-2.5.0/sha2.c
cpuminer-2.5.0/minerd.1
cpuminer-2.5.0/aclocal.m4
cpuminer-2.5.0/cpu-miner.c
cpuminer-2.5.0/Makefile.in
cpuminer-2.5.0/missing
cpuminer-2.5.0/depcomp
cpuminer-2.5.0/example-cfg.json
cpuminer-2.5.0/util.c
cpuminer-2.5.0/scrypt-x64.S
cpuminer-2.5.0/AUTHORS
cpuminer-2.5.0/compile
cpuminer-2.5.0/elist.h
cpuminer-2.5.0/README
cpuminer-2.5.0/sha2-x64.S
cpuminer-2.5.0/configure
cpuminer-2.5.0/Makefile.am
cpuminer-2.5.0/configure.ac
cpuminer-2.5.0/cpuminer-config.h.in
cpuminer-2.5.0/NEWS
cpuminer-2.5.0/install-sh
cpuminer-2.5.0/scrypt-x86.S
cpuminer-2.5.0/sha2-arm.S
cpuminer-2.5.0/config.guess
cpuminer-2.5.0/sha2-x86.S
cpuminer-2.5.0/COPYING
cpuminer-2.5.0/nomacro.pl
cpuminer-2.5.0/scrypt-ppc.S
cpuminer-2.5.0/scrypt.c
cpuminer-2.5.0/scrypt-arm.S
cpuminer-2.5.0/sha2-ppc.S

Before being able to compile our source code, we need to prepare all its requirements and dependencies. To do that use configure command. The configure command is NOT a standard Linux command. configure is a script that is generally provided with the source of most standardized type Linux packages.

[email protected]:~/cpuminer# ls
cpuminer-2.5.0
[email protected]:~/cpuminer# cd cpuminer-2.5.0/
[email protected]:~/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0# ls
aclocal.m4    configure             INSTALL      nomacro.pl    sha2.c
AUTHORS       configure.ac          install-sh   README        sha2-ppc.S
ChangeLog     COPYING               Makefile.am  scrypt-arm.S  sha2-x64.S
compat        cpu-miner.c           Makefile.in  scrypt.c      sha2-x86.S
compat.h      cpuminer-config.h.in  minerd.1     scrypt-ppc.S  util.c
compile       depcomp               miner.h      scrypt-x64.S
config.guess  elist.h               missing      scrypt-x86.S
config.sub    example-cfg.json      NEWS         sha2-arm.S
​
[email protected]:~/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0# ./configure 
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... no
checking for mawk... mawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... no
checking for style of include used by make... GNU
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking whether gcc understands -c and -o together... yes
checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C99... none needed
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking whether gcc needs -traditional... no
checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
checking for ranlib... ranlib
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for sys/types.h... yes
checking for sys/stat.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for strings.h... yes
checking for inttypes.h... yes
checking for stdint.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking sys/endian.h usability... no
checking sys/endian.h presence... no
checking for sys/endian.h... no
checking sys/param.h usability... yes
checking sys/param.h presence... yes
checking for sys/param.h... yes
checking syslog.h usability... yes
checking syslog.h presence... yes
checking for syslog.h... yes
checking for sys/sysctl.h... yes
checking whether be32dec is declared... no
checking whether le32dec is declared... no
checking whether be32enc is declared... no
checking whether le32enc is declared... no
checking for size_t... yes
checking for working alloca.h... yes
checking for alloca... yes
checking for getopt_long... yes
checking whether we can compile AVX code... yes
checking whether we can compile XOP code... yes
checking whether we can compile AVX2 code... yes
checking for json_loads in -ljansson... no
checking for pthread_create in -lpthread... yes
checking for gawk... (cached) mawk
checking for curl-config... no
checking whether libcurl is usable... no
configure: error: Missing required libcurl >= 7.15.2

Well obviously it needs libcurl, but if we have had read README file it was mentioned there:

Dependencies:
        libcurl                 http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/
        jansson                 http://www.digip.org/jansson/
                (jansson is included in-tree)

so its recommended to read README file, any how lets try to search and install libcurl:

[email protected]:~/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0# apt search libcurl
Sorting... Done
Full Text Search... Done
fp-units-net/xenial 3.0.0+dfsg-2 amd64
  Free Pascal - networking units dependency package
​
fp-units-net-3.0.0/xenial 3.0.0+dfsg-2 amd64
  Free Pascal - networking units
​
gnupg/xenial-updates,xenial-security,now 1.4.20-1ubuntu3.1 amd64 [installed]
  GNU privacy guard - a free PGP replacement
​
gnupg-curl/xenial-updates,xenial-security 1.4.20-1ubuntu3.1 amd64
  GNU privacy guard - a free PGP replacement (cURL)
​
libcupt4-1-downloadmethod-curl/xenial 2.9.4ubuntu1 amd64
  flexible package manager -- libcurl download method
​
libcurl-ocaml/xenial 0.5.3-2build5 amd64
  OCaml curl bindings (Runtime Library)
​
libcurl-ocaml-dev/xenial 0.5.3-2build5 amd64
  OCaml libcurl bindings (Development package)
​
libcurl3/xenial-updates,xenial-security 7.47.0-1ubuntu2.6 amd64 [upgradable from: 7.47.0-1ubuntu2.5]
  easy-to-use client-side URL transfer library (OpenSSL flavour)
​
libcurl3-dbg/xenial-updates,xenial-security 7.47.0-1ubuntu2.6 amd64
  debugging symbols for libcurl (OpenSSL, GnuTLS and NSS flavours)
​
libcurl3-gnutls/xenial-updates,xenial-security 7.47.0-1ubuntu2.6 amd64 [upgradable from: 7.47.0-1ubuntu2.5]
  easy-to-use client-side URL transfer library (GnuTLS flavour)
​
libcurl3-nss/xenial-updates,xenial-security 7.47.0-1ubuntu2.6 amd64
  easy-to-use client-side URL transfer library (NSS flavour)
​
libcurl4-doc/xenial-updates,xenial-updates,xenial-security,xenial-security 7.47.0-1ubuntu2.6 all
  documentation for libcurl
​
libcurl4-gnutls-dev/xenial-updates,xenial-security 7.47.0-1ubuntu2.6 amd64
  development files and documentation for libcurl (GnuTLS flavour)
​
libcurl4-nss-dev/xenial-updates,xenial-security 7.47.0-1ubuntu2.6 amd64
  development files and documentation for libcurl (NSS flavour)
​
libcurl4-openssl-dev/xenial-updates,xenial-security 7.47.0-1ubuntu2.6 amd64
  development files and documentation for libcurl (OpenSSL flavour)
​
libcurlpp-dev/xenial 0.7.3-6 amd64
  c++ wrapper for libcurl (development files)
​
libcurlpp0/xenial 0.7.3-6 amd64
  c++ wrapper for libcurl
​
libghc-curl-dev/xenial 1.3.8-7 amd64
  GHC libraries for the libcurl Haskell bindings
​
libghc-curl-doc/xenial,xenial 1.3.8-7 all
  Documentation for the libcurl Haskell bindings; documentation
​
libghc-curl-prof/xenial 1.3.8-7 amd64
  Profiling libraries for the libcurl Haskell bindings; profiling libraries
​
libghc-hxt-curl-dev/xenial 9.1.1.1-4build1 amd64
  LibCurl interface for HXT
​
libghc-hxt-curl-doc/xenial,xenial 9.1.1.1-4build1 all
  LibCurl interface for HXT; documentation
​
libghc-hxt-curl-prof/xenial 9.1.1.1-4build1 amd64
  LibCurl interface for HXT; profiling libraries
​
libjsonrpccpp-client0/xenial 0.6.0-2build1 amd64
  library implementing json-rpc C++ clients
​
libjsonrpccpp-client0-dbg/xenial 0.6.0-2build1 amd64
  debugging symbols for libjsonrpccpp-client0
​
libresource-retriever-dev/xenial 1.11.6-2 amd64
  Robot OS resource_retriever library - development files
​
libresource-retriever0d/xenial 1.11.6-2 amd64
  Robot OS resource_retriever library
​
libstrongswan-extra-plugins/xenial-updates 5.3.5-1ubuntu3.5 amd64
  strongSwan utility and crypto library (extra plugins)
​
libwww-curl-perl/xenial 4.17-2build1 amd64
  Perl bindings to libcurl
​
lua-curl/xenial 0.3.0-9 amd64
  libcURL bindings for the Lua language
​
lua-curl-dev/xenial 0.3.0-9 amd64
  libcURL development files for the Lua language
​
python-pycurl/xenial 7.43.0-1ubuntu1 amd64
  Python bindings to libcurl
​
python-pycurl-dbg/xenial 7.43.0-1ubuntu1 amd64
  Python bindings to libcurl (debug extension)
​
python-pycurl-doc/xenial,xenial 7.43.0-1ubuntu1 all
  Python bindings to libcurl (documentation)
​
python-resource-retriever/xenial,xenial 1.11.6-2 all
  Robot OS resource_retriever library - Python
​
python3-pycurl/xenial,now 7.43.0-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
  Python bindings to libcurl (Python 3)
​
python3-pycurl-dbg/xenial 7.43.0-1ubuntu1 amd64
  Python bindings to libcurl (debug extension, Python 3)
​
ruby-curb/xenial 0.8.8-1build5 amd64
  Ruby libcurl bindings
​
ruby-ethon/xenial,xenial 0.8.0-1 all
  libcurl wrapper using ffi
​
ruby-typhoeus/xenial,xenial 0.8.0-2 all
  parallel HTTP library on top of ethon
​
strongswan-plugin-curl/xenial-updates,xenial-updates 5.3.5-1ubuntu3.5 all
  strongSwan plugin for the libcurl based HTTP/FTP fetcher
​
tclcurl/xenial 7.22.0+hg20151017-1 amd64
  Tcl bindings to libcurl
​
wmget/xenial 0.6.1-1 amd64
  Background download manager in a Window Maker dock app

Wow. That is a long list , Usually libraries with "-dev" on their tails are what we want, so we chose one and try:

[email protected]:~/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0# apt search libcurl | grep dev
​
WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.
​
libcurl-ocaml-dev/xenial 0.5.3-2build5 amd64
libcurl4-gnutls-dev/xenial-updates,xenial-security 7.47.0-1ubuntu2.6 amd64
  development files and documentation for libcurl (GnuTLS flavour)
libcurl4-nss-dev/xenial-updates,xenial-security 7.47.0-1ubuntu2.6 amd64
  development files and documentation for libcurl (NSS flavour)
libcurl4-openssl-dev/xenial-updates,xenial-security 7.47.0-1ubuntu2.6 amd64
  development files and documentation for libcurl (OpenSSL flavour)
libcurlpp-dev/xenial 0.7.3-6 amd64
  c++ wrapper for libcurl (development files)
libghc-curl-dev/xenial 1.3.8-7 amd64
libghc-hxt-curl-dev/xenial 9.1.1.1-4build1 amd64
libresource-retriever-dev/xenial 1.11.6-2 amd64
  Robot OS resource_retriever library - development files
lua-curl-dev/xenial 0.3.0-9 amd64
  libcURL development files for the Lua language
​
[email protected]:~/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0# apt install libcurl4-openssl-dev

Now run configure again and watch for any problems:

[email protected]:~/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0# ./configure 
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... no
checking for mawk... mawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... no
checking for style of include used by make... GNU
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking whether gcc understands -c and -o together... yes
checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C99... none needed
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking whether gcc needs -traditional... no
checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
checking for ranlib... ranlib
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for sys/types.h... yes
checking for sys/stat.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for strings.h... yes
checking for inttypes.h... yes
checking for stdint.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking sys/endian.h usability... no
checking sys/endian.h presence... no
checking for sys/endian.h... no
checking sys/param.h usability... yes
checking sys/param.h presence... yes
checking for sys/param.h... yes
checking syslog.h usability... yes
checking syslog.h presence... yes
checking for syslog.h... yes
checking for sys/sysctl.h... yes
checking whether be32dec is declared... no
checking whether le32dec is declared... no
checking whether be32enc is declared... no
checking whether le32enc is declared... no
checking for size_t... yes
checking for working alloca.h... yes
checking for alloca... yes
checking for getopt_long... yes
checking whether we can compile AVX code... yes
checking whether we can compile XOP code... yes
checking whether we can compile AVX2 code... yes
checking for json_loads in -ljansson... no
checking for pthread_create in -lpthread... yes
checking for gawk... (cached) mawk
checking for curl-config... /usr/bin/curl-config
checking for the version of libcurl... 7.47.0
checking for libcurl >= version 7.15.2... yes
checking whether libcurl is usable... yes
checking for curl_free... yes
checking that generated files are newer than configure... done
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating compat/Makefile
config.status: creating compat/jansson/Makefile
config.status: creating cpuminer-config.h
config.status: executing depfiles commands

it seems every thing is okey, and it generates some file for compiling :

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root   35K Feb  4 04:08 config.status
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   52K Feb  4 04:08 Makefile
drwxr-xr-x 3 payam payam 4.0K Feb  4 04:08 compat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  5.3K Feb  4 04:08 cpuminer-config.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root    32 Feb  4 04:08 stamp-h1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   33K Feb  4 04:08 config.log

time to compile:

[email protected]:~/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0# make
make  all-recursive
make[1]: Entering directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0'
Making all in compat
make[2]: Entering directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0/compat'
Making all in jansson
make[3]: Entering directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson'
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../..     -g -O2 -MT dump.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/dump.Tpo -c -o dump.o dump.c
mv -f .deps/dump.Tpo .deps/dump.Po
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../..     -g -O2 -MT hashtable.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/hashtable.Tpo -c -o hashtable.o hashtable.c
mv -f .deps/hashtable.Tpo .deps/hashtable.Po
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../..     -g -O2 -MT load.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/load.Tpo -c -o load.o load.c
mv -f .deps/load.Tpo .deps/load.Po
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../..     -g -O2 -MT strbuffer.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/strbuffer.Tpo -c -o strbuffer.o strbuffer.c
mv -f .deps/strbuffer.Tpo .deps/strbuffer.Po
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../..     -g -O2 -MT utf.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/utf.Tpo -c -o utf.o utf.c
mv -f .deps/utf.Tpo .deps/utf.Po
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../..     -g -O2 -MT value.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/value.Tpo -c -o value.o value.c
mv -f .deps/value.Tpo .deps/value.Po
rm -f libjansson.a
ar cru libjansson.a dump.o hashtable.o load.o strbuffer.o utf.o value.o 
ar: `u' modifier ignored since `D' is the default (see `U')
ranlib libjansson.a
make[3]: Leaving directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson'
make[3]: Entering directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0/compat'
make[3]: Nothing to be done for 'all-am'.
make[3]: Leaving directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0/compat'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0/compat'
make[2]: Entering directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0'
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I.  -I./compat/jansson -pthread  -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -MT minerd-cpu-miner.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/minerd-cpu-miner.Tpo -c -o minerd-cpu-miner.o `test -f 'cpu-miner.c' || echo './'`cpu-miner.c
mv -f .deps/minerd-cpu-miner.Tpo .deps/minerd-cpu-miner.Po
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I.  -I./compat/jansson -pthread  -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -MT minerd-util.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/minerd-util.Tpo -c -o minerd-util.o `test -f 'util.c' || echo './'`util.c
mv -f .deps/minerd-util.Tpo .deps/minerd-util.Po
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I.  -I./compat/jansson -pthread  -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -MT minerd-sha2.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/minerd-sha2.Tpo -c -o minerd-sha2.o `test -f 'sha2.c' || echo './'`sha2.c
mv -f .deps/minerd-sha2.Tpo .deps/minerd-sha2.Po
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I.  -I./compat/jansson -pthread  -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -MT minerd-scrypt.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/minerd-scrypt.Tpo -c -o minerd-scrypt.o `test -f 'scrypt.c' || echo './'`scrypt.c
mv -f .deps/minerd-scrypt.Tpo .deps/minerd-scrypt.Po
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I.  -I./compat/jansson -pthread   -g -O2 -MT minerd-sha2-x64.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/minerd-sha2-x64.Tpo -c -o minerd-sha2-x64.o `test -f 'sha2-x64.S' || echo './'`sha2-x64.S
mv -f .deps/minerd-sha2-x64.Tpo .deps/minerd-sha2-x64.Po
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I.  -I./compat/jansson -pthread   -g -O2 -MT minerd-scrypt-x64.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/minerd-scrypt-x64.Tpo -c -o minerd-scrypt-x64.o `test -f 'scrypt-x64.S' || echo './'`scrypt-x64.S
mv -f .deps/minerd-scrypt-x64.Tpo .deps/minerd-scrypt-x64.Po
gcc -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -pthread  -o minerd minerd-cpu-miner.o minerd-util.o minerd-sha2.o minerd-scrypt.o  minerd-sha2-x64.o minerd-scrypt-x64.o   -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -lcurl compat/jansson/libjansson.a -lpthread  
make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0'

All required binary files have been created:

-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  261K Feb  4 04:18 minerd-cpu-miner.o
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  164K Feb  4 04:18 minerd-util.o
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   43K Feb  4 04:18 minerd-sha2.o
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  112K Feb  4 04:18 minerd-scrypt.o
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  138K Feb  4 04:18 minerd-sha2-x64.o
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   71K Feb  4 04:18 minerd-scrypt-x64.o
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root  root  664K Feb  4 04:18 minerd

see minerd, it works but its not in the path:

[email protected]:~/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0# ./minerd
./minerd: no URL supplied
Try `minerd --help' for more information.
​
[email protected]:~/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0# minerd
minerd: command not found

Next step is installing compiled program. In this step PATHis modified and generated files are placed in /usr/local/bin

[email protected]:~/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0# make install
Making install in compat
make[1]: Entering directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0/compat'
Making install in jansson
make[2]: Entering directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson'
make[3]: Entering directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson'
make[3]: Nothing to be done for 'install-exec-am'.
make[3]: Nothing to be done for 'install-data-am'.
make[3]: Leaving directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0/compat/jansson'
make[2]: Entering directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0/compat'
make[3]: Entering directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0/compat'
make[3]: Nothing to be done for 'install-exec-am'.
make[3]: Nothing to be done for 'install-data-am'.
make[3]: Leaving directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0/compat'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0/compat'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0/compat'
make[1]: Entering directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0'
make[2]: Entering directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0'
 /bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/bin'
  /usr/bin/install -c minerd '/usr/local/bin'
 /bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/share/man/man1'
 /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 minerd.1 '/usr/local/share/man/man1'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0'
​
[email protected]:~/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0# minerd
minerd: no URL supplied
Try `minerd --help' for more information.

Okey lets start bitcoin mining:

[email protected]:~/cpuminer/cpuminer-2.5.0# minerd -a sha256d -o stratum+tcp://stratum.antpool.com:3333 -u MyName.1 -p 123
[2018-02-04 04:44:03] Starting Stratum on stratum+tcp://stratum.antpool.com:3333
[2018-02-04 04:44:03] Binding thread 0 to cpu 0
[2018-02-04 04:44:03] 4 miner threads started, using 'sha256d' algorithm.
[2018-02-04 04:44:03] Binding thread 1 to cpu 1
[2018-02-04 04:44:03] Binding thread 3 to cpu 3
[2018-02-04 04:44:03] Binding thread 2 to cpu 2
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206.2. Backup operations
Last updated 12 months ago
Contents
206.1 Make and install programs from source
Make and install programs from source